By asserting that it is emphatically the judicial branch’s province to state and clarify what the law actually is, the court assured its position and power over judicial review. For the first time in the history of the new republic, the Supreme Court ruled that an act of Congress was unconstitutional. The new President and Congress overturned the many judiciary appointments Adams had made at the end of his term, and overturned the Congressional act that had increased the number of Presidential judicial appointments. The case arose out of the political wrangling that occurred in the weeks before President John Adams left office for Thomas Jefferson. Constitution were unsure whether the federal courts should have the power to review and overturn executive and congressional acts, the Supreme Court itself established its power of judicial review in the early 1800s with the case of Marbury v. Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws, judicial decisions, or acts of a government official.
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